VBS2 | Bohemia Interactive Simulations

Virtual Battlespace 2 (VBS2) is a comprehensive open platform providing proven capability for training, simulation and development.

For training

VBS2 offers a high fidelity virtual sandbox within which either individual or collective training can be conducted. Trainees use VBS2 on standard desktop computers to achieve training outcomes, operating the simulation from the first person perspective. Example training outcomes may include learning new convoy drills or understanding how to correctly lay out a vehicle checkpoint in a hostile village.

More information on how trainers can use VBS2

For simulation

VBS2 offers a configurable game-based virtual environment that can either simulate real-world systems in its own right, or be employed on simulators of varying fidelity to provide realistic visuals. For example, VBS2 is employed for desktop Challenger II tank gunnery training and accurately simulates the fire control systems, physics and weapon ballistics of the real vehicle. VBS2 is also used to provide the visuals for many different types of flight simulators and gunnery trainers.

More info on how simulation developers and integrators can use VBS2

For developers

VBS2 offers a range of tools to create content, which may include new training scenarios, videos, user interfaces or import of real-world terrain areas or creation and configuration of new 3D models. The development aspect of VBS2 supports both training and simulation; for example, trainers use VBS2 to develop scenarios and import geo-specific terrain, while integrators might develop custom user interfaces in VBS2 for a specific simulator, for example a Javelin trainer or a vehicle driving simulator.

More information on how developers can use VBS2

The many components of VBS2 can be confusing at first. Different aspects of VBS2 are designed for different users, as shown in the following diagram.

Click on the sub-pages to the left to find out more information about the different components of VBS2.

You may also wish to review our latest VBS2 Whitepaper for more detailed information. We have also published white papers on Maritime and Medical use of VBS2. See Resources (via the menu on the left) for much more information about VBS2 including links to user manuals.

VBS2 technology overview video

The VBS2 runtime environment is powered by the Real Virtuality game engine, which Bohemia Interactive has been continuously improving for over a decade. The runtime environment leverages game technology to provide real-time rendering of terrain and 3D models at varying levels of visual fidelity, depending on the training, simulation or development need.

For training, the VBS2 runtime environment offers an immersive virtual world to assist with learning and practicing military-related tasks in either an individual or collective manner.

For simulation, the VBS2 runtime environment offers game-quality visuals and a high degree of flexibility, with many of the included models (e.g. physics, AI, weapons) able to be modified or extended.

For developers, the VBS2 runtime environment provides a virtual sandbox to test new capability and content created with the mission editor or developer tools.

A complete Virtual Battlespace

VBS2 simulates all aspects of the modern battlespace, including human entities, surface vehicles, maritime vessels, both rotary and fixed wing aircraft, and (from VBS2 v2.0) subsurface vehicles as well.

Features of the runtime environment include:

Operate from the first-person perspective

Within VBS2 character entities operate as Infantry, drive vehicles fly aircraft and operate many weapon platforms. Character entities can perform the following actions within VBS2:

Walk or run in any direction
Move sideways
Kneel or move in a crouched position
Lie down or move at a crawl
Operate personal weapon systems, such as a rifle, grenade or rocket launcher
Full control of a safety catch/mechanism on all VBS2 weapons
Operate personal equipment such as a compass, CREW device or binoculars
Interact with vehicles such as opening doors or trunks
Open doors of buildings and move through buildings
Operate sensors such as thermal cameras
Enter buildings through entry points, eg windows
Perform breaching of wire or mine fields

Place IEDs or other explosives and detonate them
Breach walls, and break windows
Drag Units, carry stretchers or use the firemans carry to move a unit
Carry and deploy equipment such as wire, traffic cones, spike strips, and load/unload such equipment from vehicles
Operate a UAV or UGV control station
Operate fixed weapon platforms such as static machine guns
Enter and drive vehicles, both land and sea
Enter and fly aircraft
Operate turreted weapon systems on any vehicle or aircraft

High fidelity physics

VBS2 employs PhysX by NVIDIA for physical simulation of land and water based entities, and we use RotorLib FDM for realistic direct helicopter flight.

Aircraft are simulated to a reasonable degree of fidelity, and the simulated aircraft employ basic theoretical flight models to give the appearance of accurate behavior
It should be noted that Bohemia Interactive can integrate new flight models if requested
VBS2 includes realistic sea states, waves and ship wakes
Improved damage modeling

Ability for PhysX objects and vehicles to enter underground structures, such as basements and trenches
All VBS2 Tracked vehicles are PhysX based
Amputations enabled for US Army and USMC Soldiers

Virtual Environment

The VBS2 simulation engine renders and supports large, high fidelity terrain areas with an emphasis on accurately simulating the real world, features include:

Variable wind affecting particles such as smoke, and weather effects including rain, fog and snow
Definition of different surface types that affect vehicle speed and their sound, allowing vehicles in certain instances to become bogged dependant on the terrain surface used.
Environmental sounds specific to different areas, such as wind at high altitude
Variable sea states and waves on beaches
Accurate day and night shadow and lighting effects
Simulates diurnal rotation of the earth for correct day/night cycles
Tides based upon latitude and longitude of a terrain area
Accurate star field, allowing navigation by the stars within VBS2
Dynamic range lighting effects, simulating the dilation of the pupil when moving from a well-lit area to a dark area and vice versa

Ground clutter for realistic grass, rocks and other ground cover
Ambient life simulation including, animals, insects and birds
Glint Objects, give the ability to simulate light reflecting from polished surfaces such as lenses and optics
The ability to remove Buildings normally embedded into the terrain
Various Trenches, underground bunkers and sewers can be added directly into the terrain, using underground rendering
Support for different grid coordinate systems
Support for objects larger than 50 meters
Magnetic declination can be set and adjusted in VBS2
Improved overall battlefield effects

Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Simulation

VBS2 simulates a wide variety of IEDs for training purposes:

Simulated Vehicle Born (VBIED)
Simulated Personnel Born (PBIED)
A large number of roadside bombs, from artillery shells to dead animals
IED objects have properties that allow them to operate automatically, link to triggers (in-game events), or be detonated by command (eg a radio command)
They can be set to kill, wound or do no damage, dependent on the training being conducted
They can be set to operate automatically and explode when entities of a certain side approach within a certain distance: for example, when BLUEFOR forces approach within 20m of the device
VBS2 supports the ability to counter IEDs with the use of bomb dogs, Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) technicians, and Counter Radio Controlled Improvised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare (CREW) devices
Bomb dogs will alert their handler if they detect explosives near them, by sitting and barking while facing the explosive
The EOD technician entity has the special ability to disarm IEDs if the given IED objects are able to be disarmed
CREW devices, both mounted and dismounted versions, work as they do in the real world by jamming radio controlled IEDs when the CREW device is within range of a radio controlled IED. Line of Sight (LOS) also affects the range of CREW devices, due to simulated radio interference from objects in the environment (such as buildings)
VBS2 supports Counter IED (CIED) operations through simulation of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) and specialized engineering vehicles such as the Buffalo and Husky. UGVs may be equipped with a range of optics including normal, IR and thermal cameras, all with zooming capabilities
Some UGVs are also equipped with operational robotic arms that can raise, lower and turn. Via robotic arm, UGVs may have the ability to disarm IEDs or place and then explode such devices with a stay-behind charge. The Buffalo's hydraulic arm raises, lowers and extends to allow the operator to manipulate IEDs. The Husky gives an audio signal when it detects an IED
VBS2 supports thermal imaging. Within VBS2, thermal devices may 'see through' clothing to detect suicide vests. This is particularly useful when simulating static checkpoint operations where suicide bombers are a real and continuing threat

Sensors

VBS2 supports infra red (either night vision or thermal) and basic radar simulation out-of-the-box.

Thermal simulation in VBS2 is quite advanced. The appearance of the objects will vary according to their level of sun exposure; objects appear hot during the day and cold during the night
Objects can also create heat themselves; for example, human body heat, a running car engine or friction from movement of tank tracks or rotor blades
The simulation considers all of these elements in order to present a very realistic and dynamic representation of thermal imaging; even dead bodies cool down over time
The simulation supports any color palette (grey, green, orange, etc), and can be attached to a simulated device on any personal weapon or vehicle (weapon scope, UAV camera, tank fire control system, etc)
Amber Beacons and Chemical Lights can be attached to vehicles

Artificial Intelligence

Numerous possibilities for artificial intelligence (AI) exist in VBS2 depending on the user requirement. By default, game AI is implemented, whereby AI agents are controlled entirely by the VBS2 simulation engine.

It is possible to create new AI behavior through Finite State Machine (FSM) scripting; or AI may be externally controlled by an AI path-planning engine such as Kynapse, and integrated with VBS2 via either the Application Scripting Interface (ASI) or VBS2Fusion
Game AI employs real-time path planning (based on an A-Star algorithm) to determine routes The AI will factor in all aspects of the virtual environment into their decision making – both external (eg enemy presence, orders from an AI or human commander, obstacles) and internal (eg damage state, morale, ammunition state). Like human participants, AI can either operate as infantry, drive vehicles or fly aircraft and they are capable of operating in teams (eg an infantry squad or a four-man tank crew)
Game AI is semi-autonomous in nature and tasked through waypoints, allocated in either the offline mission editor (OME) or the real time editor (RTE). Example waypoint types include MOVE, DESTROY, SEARCH AND DESTROY, LAND, LOAD, CYCLE and UNLOAD
Waypoints are used to direct AI behavior; for example, rules of engagement (open fire, hold fire), combat mode (safe, aware, combat), formation and movement speed can all be specified. Waypoints can be synchronized with other waypoints to facilitate coordinated maneuvres and they can also be branched depending on scripted conditions
Finite State Machine (FSM) scripting allows the development of autonomous agents and has been used to great effect to script new behaviors. Civilians have FSMs to determine what to do if they experience danger; they are scripted to run and hide. FSMs also provide the backbone of the new autonomous AI development that aims to provide populated cities complete with civilians on sidewalks, busy marketplaces and traffic
FSMs are developed in the VBS2 FSM Editor, and each FSM state calls VBS2 script commands to influence AI agents
It is also possible to develop AI externally to VBS2, and then integrate by one of the available APIs
Bohemia Interactive has already integrated VBS2 with Kynapse and xaitment AI technologies via VBS2Fusion

Unmanned Vehicles

VBS2 simulates a wide range of airborne and ground-based unmanned vehicles, and provides a generic unmanned vehicle user interface for operating vehicle cameras, sensors and on-board weapons.

UGV capabilities include:

Driving outside or inside buildings (including moving up and down stairs)
Operating multiple cameras mounted on robotic booms or arms (cameras may display visual or infra-red feeds)
Recording camera views to the hard disk for later replay in Windows as a video file
Taking screenshots and sending them over DIS or HLA
Operating weapon systems such as a machine gun or rocket launcher mounted on the UGV
Laying explosives or disarming IEDs

UAV capabilities include:

Multiple camera feeds and weapon systems (such as hellfire missiles) are available, and aircraft types include both rotary and fixed wing
UAVs can be directly flown (as if by remote control) or allocated waypoints in real-time
VBS2 supports UAV launch and recovery by both traditional means (eg a runway) and UAV-specific systems such as for the Boeing Scan Eagle
UAV cameras can be locked to targets and provide a wide range of realistic information such as geo-referenced position in MGRS or lat/long
UAVs can also laser designate targets and Rover III simulation is also available
Static cameras are also provided, referred to in VBS2 as GBOSS (Ground Based Operational Surveillance System) cameras

C2 Interface

Every VBS2 participant has access to a command and control or ‘map’ screen that is either displayed as the Real Time Editor (RTE) or C2 Interface depending on user privileges. The C2 Interface includes a map screen that can display a VBS2-generated topographic view, geo-referenced imagery or a real-world geo-referenced topographic map. The C2 interface includes the following tools:

Distance measurement tools
Compass and a GPS that displays the participant’s current location
A watch that displays the current in-game time
In-game forms for reports and returns (CASEVAC request, etc) that may be customized
The C2 interface displays NATO standard military symbols for known contacts through a fog of war algorithm. Users may draw additional military symbols on the map to create an overlay, and new military symbols will automatically appear on other VBS2 workstations assuming that the participants are of the same virtual side (eg BLUEFOR) as the person drawing the symbols
In addition, ‘chains of command’ may be defined in the Offline Mission Editor (OME) prior to the scenario commencing, enabling participants to direct friendly forces in real time via waypoints

Networking

The VBS2 network architecture is a typical client-server model, but has been extended and optimized to allow 100+ human participants to operate in a networked scenario at any one time.

VBS2 can be used over a LAN or a WAN (such as the Internet)
In the current version of VBS2 only one server is permitted, which contains a master copy of all objects and entities located within the virtual environment. All clients then subscribe to this master copy to ensure that the scenes rendered by all clients are coherent and correlated, but perform their own simulation to minimize bandwidth usage
Conducting simulation on client computers is a fairly unique feature of VBS2, but is critical to allow for a large number of human participants
The network architecture allows any installation of VBS2 to operate as the server
The proprietary VBS2 network protocol does not presently allow VBS2 servers to interoperate, but multiple VBS2 servers may be linked via HLA or DIS
VBS2 employs the HLA/DIS gateway product ‘LVC Game’ by Calytrix Technologies for HLA and DIS connectivity. This robust gateway has improved in an evolutionary fashion parallel with VBS2
Dead reckoning for movement transmitted over the network can now be configured

VBS2 ships with thousands of 3D objects and hundreds of character, vehicle and weapon representations. The standard version of VBS2 ships with Australian, Canadian, Czech, New Zealand, Swiss and US entities and a range of generic Middle Eastern and Eastern bloc opposing forces.

For a complete list of content visit the Content listing

For training, the huge amount of included content means that VBS2 is applicable to an almost limitless range of training scenarios out-of-the-box. Trainers can create rich, immersive and realistic environments to meet the training need.

For simulation, the volume of provided content unlocks the potential of VBS2 as an image generator and eases correlation with other simulations federated by HLA or DIS.

For development, the wide range of existing content provides many options to template existing capability and therefore reduce development time.

Features of the VBS2 content library include:

High Fidelity simulation of vehicle models

VBS2 inherently supports simulation of land, sea and air vehicles.

Any land vehicle can be simulated including motorbikes, wheeled cars and trucks, eight-wheeled APCs, and tracked vehicles
Small and large boat simulation is included, as well as fixed and rotary wing aircraft
VBS2 ships with a massive number of character and vehicle types. Almost the entire US Army, the USMC, the US Special Forces, the ADF and the UK MoD vehicle and aircraft fleets are included – over 400 unique 3D models in total, each simulated to a high and realistic level of detail
A wide range of Russian, Iraqi insurgent and Taliban OPFOR entities are also included, as well as civilian models
This wide range of vehicle types allows VBS2 to simulate combined arms, and allows training and mission rehearsal possibilities that were previously not feasible in a first-person military simulation
All VBS2 tracked vehicles come as PhysX based as standard

Self-Propelled Artillery in VBS2

High fidelity simulation of physical models

All VBS2 physical objects have a destruction model, meaning that buildings and vegetation may be destroyed by explosions.

VBS2 does not use ‘block’ forests seen in typical military simulation; in VBS2, forests are made up of hundreds of thousands of individual trees. Armored vehicles can drive through forested areas and run over trees and other small objects (such as fences) in a realistic fashion
Some buildings also have destructible walls, doors and windows, allowing weapon platforms to ‘punch through’ certain walls to create new entry points
VBS2 provides realistic surface areas which can be placed within your terrain, from gravel tracks through to varying levels of dirt, which effect vehicle movement through it
Useable trenches, bunkers and sewerage system models can now be placed directly in the scenario
A full range of targetry from falling, pop up and static are available within VBS2 to allow for the creation of realistic range scenarios
HESCO, barbed wire, various barriers and many more allow for the production of realistic FOB’s and much more within a scenario
VBS2 provides developers with a huge array of vegetation, buildings and much more to allow for unique and realistic scenarios to be created quickly and effectively

Weapons and weapon platforms

A main feature of any military simulation is weapons and their platforms. VBS2 comes complete with a full spectrum of High fidelity weapons used in today’s militaries:

Handguns, launchers, machine guns and rifles are all available to the user
All weapon platforms incorporate an appropriate safety mechanism, be it a safety catch or safety mechanism
Various weapon equipments stem from NVG’s, batons, breaching rams to binoculars and laser designators
Weapon platforms allow units to deploy on a scenario with correct load outs as fighting units, for example the Javelin CLU allows for accurate procedures to be carried out for its use, be it for anti-tank drills or breaching procedures
New units are created very simply in the Object Editor with specific weapons to match the users requirements
VBS2 uses its own proprietary physics engine for ballistics and therefore all weapons have been carefully configured to closely match real-world performance. Muzzle velocity and air friction are configured to match real-world ballistic curves, and round damage and penetration values are all meticulously researched and defined
AI engagement ranges are defined on a per-weapon basis, as well as the priority for AI targeting (eg a tank will be more interested in engaging other tanks or dangerous aircraft before infantry)

Thermal modeling

Thermal modeling in VBS2 is advanced, having been constantly improved over the last 3 years.

Within VBS2, the primary source of heat build-up on objects is the sun. Objects will appear hot during the day and cold during the night, determined by a dynamic calculation based on the time of day
Models can also create heat themselves: for example, human body heat, a running car engine or friction from movement of tank tracks
It is important to note that VBS2 doesn’t simply swap out textures when in thermal mode; each vehicle model has been carefully constructed so that the various parts heat at the appropriate rate. This is a true simulation based upon a correct mathematical model
This thermal modeling supports any color palette (grey, green, orange, etc), and can be attached to a simulated device on any personal weapon or vehicle (weapon scope, UAV camera, tank fire control system, etc)

Thermal Modeling in VBS2

Content library for viewing all available entity models from within VBS2

VBS2 has a fully inclusive and self incorporated library built directly into the simulator. It is an interactive experience where the user is able to view and try all of VBS2's equipment within mini-simulations. From the main menu users are able to enter the Content Library.

The library can be filtered to show a number of options to allow the user to refine the search for a specific piece of equipment
In Viewer mode, it is possible to pan, rotate, zoom and reset around the equipment
Detailed information is available to the user depending on the equipment. This information ranges from fuel capacity, maximum speed to cargo spaces available
Not only does the library allow you to view the content, but in the TRY mode, the user can interact with the equipment. This allows decisions to be made during the concept stage of a new scenario and ensures the developer fully understands the capabilities of that equipment

VBS2 Library Viewer

The VBS2 After-Action-Review (AAR) provides an accurate replay of everything that occurred in the runtime environment, in both 2D and 3D, and is as simple as pressing the record button within the RTE during a network mission.

For training, the AAR provides a fantastic means by which to assess trainee performance and draw out learning points. It is possible to view from many different perspectives and jump to bookmarks, which are points of interest noted by the instructor during the training event.

For simulation, the AAR can be leveraged to enhance the training provided by the simulated system(s) – all actions relating to every entity are faithfully recorded and replayed, and because VBS2 is HLA/DIS compatible everything that occurred in the wider federation is also included.

For development, the AAR is typically used to assist with video generation, as in-game events can be replayed allowing time to capture sequences as needed.

Features of the After-Action-Review include:

Accurate replay in both 2D and 3D

All aspects of the virtual environment are replayed, from entity positions and movements through to fired and hit events, animation states (e.g. direction of a turret on a tank), particle effects including explosions, smoke and dust, 2D marker events and allow rounds fired are shown as tracer rounds in order to be clearly visible.

The VBS2 AAR operates by recording network traffic received on the VBS2 server, and replaying saved data in the AAR replay interface
AAR files can be replayed on any computer on the VBS2 network (VBS2 includes a facility to transfer saved AAR files from the server to clients)
Replay of voice communications is also possible
The replay can be viewed from any perspective including first person (through the eyes of the character entities in the AAR)
The AAR replay can be used as a media tool, with the option to hide all of the GUI it is possible to create realistic training videos

Adjustable timeline

It is easy to move forwards and backwards in the replay by dragging the timeline slider bar at the top of the interface.

The AAR system supports bookmarks, whereby an administrator can add a note during AAR recording that can be viewed in the replay system, and within the timeline
All rounds fired, and deaths are shown in the timeline allowing the user to quickly move to those points in time if required

CREW device shown in the VBS2 After-Action-Review (AAR)

Measure of effectiveness

As a tool to measure the effectiveness of a particular mission or scenario the AAR is well suited.

Statistics are provided, and clearly displayed showing the number of enemy and friendly killed and wounded, numbers of rounds fired and number of rounds hit. Statistics are grouped by individual, squad and side
Field of View (FOV) allows for a visual representation of the FOV of a particular side, player or AI entity. These FOV settings can be activated or deactived by the user, you can also adjust the draw distance and opacity of the FOV display
Inkspots within the AAR show where a unit was looking and how long it remained stationary, which is effective at showing a possible outcome because, as with the FOV Display, the setting can be altered as required
In 2D mode it is possible to identify areas of weakness whether in a defensive position or offensive position. This detail can then be analysed in greater detail in 3D mode
Arcs can be confirmed or discussed during an AAR, with the use of the FOV displayed, providing accurate data
AAR files can be saved and transferred to any other VBS2 machine allowing the user's AAR to be passed and analysed or used by other parent formations
The AAR in VBS2 provides a realistic debriefing tool and, when replayed on a large screen to a specific target audience, can enhance training and analysis

Field of view and inkspots shown in the VBS2 AAR

Scenario Editors

VBS2 includes two forms of scenario editor, the Offline Mission Editor (OME) and Real-Time Editor (RTE). Both share exactly the same user interface but are used at different times. In the training context, the OME is used to prepare a scenario prior to commencement of training, and the RTE is used to influence that scenario during training.

For training, the scenario editors allow trainers to create and modify a scenario in accordance with the desired training outcome. The scenario might involve a food distribution point or defending a hill against an OPFOR tank battalion; the editors are very flexible and almost any imaginable situation can be created to support the training need.

For simulation, the scenario editors can be used to directly support the device(s) being simulated (placing targets for Javelin training, for example), and the RTE provides a robust instructor operating station (IOS) for integrated systems especially as VBS2 is fully HLA and DIS compatible.

For development, the scenario editors are typically used to help create videos and of course prototyping new capability that has been created using the developer tools.

Features of the scenario editors include:

Powerful yet easy to use

The scenario editors allow the user to place 'editor objects' that influence the scenario in different ways. A 'unit' editor object represents a character in the virtual environment, and this character can be given behavior through waypoints, which can then be altered using triggers. New users can design basic scenarios in minutes.

Features include:

Simple keyboard commands to manipulate scenarios, including common keyboard functions like cut and paste
2D and 3D modes available during scenario creation allow the exact positions of what is being added at any given time to be visible
A preview window for all object property so the user can see the object prior to its use
The ability to control how the object behaves via the Unit Editor Object. Training, experience, endurance, leadership, health and ammunition are all controlled via an easy to use slider bar
Call signs that are an optional field are used when VBS2 is inter-operating with other simulations via HLA or DIS. This also allows the call sign to show up in the correct areas of the vehicle and be viewable in the scenario
A simple to use help menu
The ability to fully interact with objects placed in the scenario, allowing them to be moved, rotated, elevated and much more
Freedom to group units and certain objects into their own sub units as required
The ability to create specific units, with specific weapon loadouts and kits that can be saved for future use, allowing the user to replicate what they require on demand
A simplistic yet highly detailed waypoint system. AI units can be moved with accuracy or human participants provided a visual ID of where they need to move to
The ability to add markers to a 2D map, including Nato standard tactical markers, icons or rectangle and ellipse markers
The possibility to preview the scenario at any time
A function to assign arcs of fire to gunners of vehicles
A 'Look at Editor Object' command to force units to look at a position
Spectator units that allow admins and observers to enter the scenario without becoming part of it, either in the form of an invisible unit or an invisible camera

A FOB developed in the VBS2 OME

Separate your scenario from your terrain

The process for building a new scenario in VBS2 is simple; once your terrain is imported you place down editor objects as needed, while still being able to modify terrain objects (buildings, vegetation etc) from within the scenario editors.

Hundreds of objects are available to the user from objects as small as a torch battery to as large as factory complexes
Promote or remove visitor placed objects This allows the user to interact with permanent visitor placed objects embedded in terrains. Embedded objects can be promoted to a regular editor object which will allow the user to edit and move them around the map. Embedded objects can also be deleted
Export the 2D Map image, as an EMF file, allowing VBS2 maps to be printed
VBS2 supports an object layers function, allowing the user to reduce clutter, save commonly used mission elements for later use and merge scenarios, for example if the user spends a lot of time creating a realistic Forward Operating Base (FOB), this can be saved as a layer and used in other terrains or scenarios at a later date
Ability to edit a mission briefing for each side within the scenario, allowing the user to create such things as Op Orders prior to running the mission
With camera objects in a scenario the user has the ability to create camera cut scenes as required
With control links the user can give control of objects like UAV’s and UGV’s to specific objects or units, allowing certain participants to become a UAV controller
Once objects are placed into the scenario it is possible to add certain functions to them, eg certain vehicles can have chemical lights, amber flashing beacons or crew attached to them
Certain objects can be hidden in the scenario for example IED Manufacturing components. These can be searched for and revealed during the scenario
With the use of triggers it is possible to wait until a certain condition returns true and then carry out a specific action. When used effectively triggers can make missions much more dynamic and realistic
Artillery strikes can be placed into the scenario as objects, and are fully customizable, allowing the user to choose what kind of munition, number of guns, number of rounds and much more
Various sounds can be added anywhere throughout the scenario, and are fully customizable

Scenario settings

Within the scenario settings it is possible to fully manipulate the scenario and adjust settings:

Adjust current cloud cover, fog, rain, snow and wind speed
Ability to enter a future weather forecast, which allows the weather to change once in the scenario over a matter of time
Specify the wind direction
VBS2 supports a full day/night cycle and therefore the user has the ability to set the time within the scenario settings, while in the 3D editor mode and with the use of the timeline slider it is possible to visually see the effect it has on the lighting
The year, month, day and minute can be adjusted within VBS2 allowing specific times of year to be matched
Within the scenario settings a time limit can be entered for the scenario, ensuring the scenario ends on the time the user requires
VBS2 has the ability to allow users to adjust the coordinate system used on the 2D map grid, be it MGRS (Military Grid Reference System), LL (Latitude Longitude Decimal) or LLMS (Latitude Longitude Degree, Minute, Second).
VBS2 maps can be geo-referenced to real world locations or coordinates. This is usually done in the map's configuration file. For maps that are not georeferenced via their configs, or to change an existing reference in the editor, the map's origin can be viewed and set in the scenario settings dialog
Allies and behaviors allows the user to modify who independants are allied to, who civilians are hostile towards, and which side may shoot civilians. This allows for more diverse scenario creation

All Supported by a powerful scripting language

VBS2 has powerful built-in scripting capabilities, allowing users to further develop scenarios and missions. For example, VBS2 scripts can be used for something as simple as setting up a firing range (e.g. resetting targets and refilling ammo boxes), through to enabling units to conceal weapons, scripting artillery/air strikes, reviving AI units, customizing the VBS2 user interface or even creating entirely new user interfaces. The following are some scripting features:

Initialization statements within the advanced object setting allows the user to enter script code that will be executed at the start of the scenario, commonly known as in-editor scripting
The developer console is available in both the OME and the RTE and allows in-game execution of scripts, and the reading and assigning of variables. By pressing the F1 key you are able to bring up the in-game command help dialog. This will provide a description of the command with examples
VBS2 provides a debug console plugin for developers to use while creating scenarios, allowing them to evaluate, loop, execute, pause/run and other various functions within the scenario
Amputations are present for all US Army and USMC soldiers within VBS2 allowing realistic casualties to be placed in scenarios; all set via the setAmputation command
The fast-roping system allows one or more units in a helicopter to deploy one or more ropes and then to fast-rope down to the ground, building or other object. The rope(s) can then be dropped to the ground or winched up. When the hover script is activated, the system ensures that the helicopter is at the correct fast-rope location, altitude and helicopter velocity before performing rope deployment and fast-roping of the units
VBS2 boasts over 1300 script commands to ensure the user can fully customize the scenario to their requirement, and allow it to be changed directly into the simulation engine
VBS2 script is very fast, and used extensively by Bohemia Interactive, and is available to the user also

Fast Rope Script in Action

Examples of scripted systems include:

Scan Eagle UAV launch and recovery mechanisms
Battlefield clearance (dragging units)
CASEVAC
NBC suit / M22 Gas detector / Sarin Gas shells
Active Denial System / Non lethal weapons
Air to Air refueling
CREW
Fast Roping
Artillery support and CAS
Automatic building door animations for AI entering/leaving
Ambient AI
Bomb detection dog
Shooting from Humvee windows
Harpoon ship launch
Entire UAV/UGV/Security camera interface
Handsignals
Submersible vehicles/ocean borne weaponry (torpedoes)
AI surrender
Helicopter sling load system
Automatic chopper door/ramp animations for AI embarking/disembarking

VBS2 may be integrated with other simulations either directly through VBS2 plug-ins developed by programmers or over a network via either the DIS protocol or HLA. External applications may interface with VBS2 through three primary means, these being:

LVC Game
Application Scripting Interface (ASI)
VBS2Fusion

Both LVC Game and the ASI are shipped with VBS2, however VBS2Fusion is a separate purchase.

For training, integration provides the means by which either VBS2 is extended with additional training capability and/or connected to other simulations to broaden training possibilities.

For simulation, integration allows VBS2 to be tightly coupled with other live, virtual or constructive simulation systems.

For developers, integration allows VBS2 to be extended through the addition of new capability (for example new user interfaces or AI models), or remotely controlled through HLA or DIS.

LVC Game

VBS2 employs the HLA/DIS gateway product LVC Game by Calytrix Technologies for HLA and DIS connectivity. This robust gateway has improved in an evolutionary fashion in parallel to VBS2.

As of 30 June 2009, LVC Game supports all versions of DIS:

Version 1.0 Draft (1992)
IEEE 1278-1993
Version 2.0 Third Draft (May 1993)
Version 2.0 Fourth Draft (March 1994)
IEEE 1278.1-1995 and IEEE 1278.1A-1998

LVC Game also supports HLA 1.3 and 1516, and all RTIs that are Dynamic Link Compatible with the DMSO RTI NG6 1.3, which includes RTIs from the following companies/organizations:

MÄK Technologies
BAE/Pitch
Raytheon-VTC
Portico

The following HLA FOMs are presently supported:

Real-time Platform Reference 1 and 2 (RPR1 and RPR2)
ERF (widely used within the US Army)

Application Scripting Interface (ASI)

The ASI allows third-party developers to write VBS2 plug-ins, in either C++ or Java, that interface with the VBS2 runtime environment through script commands.

VBS2Fusion

VBS2Fusion is the official VBS2 API, providing all of the capability offered by the ASI but running much more efficiently and providing many additional access functions.

For more information visit the VBS2Fusion product page.

The Development Suite is part of the standard VBS2 product and allows you to import terrain and 3D models for training and/or simulation.

For training, the Development Suite allows you to rapidly create new geo-specific VBS2 terrain by importing source data such as DTED, shape files and imagery.

For simulation, the Development Suite provides the means by which you will import new content into VBS2 as required by your simulation system.

For developers, the Development Suite provides the means for the creation of new VBS2 content to support training and/or simulation, and also for resale.

Terrain Development

The primary terrain development application in the Development Suite is Visitor 4, a lightweight GIS application that imports geo-referenced imagery, terrain and shape date and exports VBS2 world files ready for use in training or simulation.

Broadly, Visitor 4 can import the following types of data:

DTED
Imagery
Shape files

An important part of Visitor 4 is the tool Landbuilder, which procedurally populates terrain with objects such as buildings, roads and vegetation in accordance with shape data.

From VBS2 v2.0, VBS2 terrain areas can be up to 1000km x 1000km in size but this does depend on the level of detail of the terrain.

We offer a Terrain Generation Course to teach developers how to use Visitor 4 and user documentation is available in the Resources section.

In addition to Visitor 4, numerous other tools can output VBS2 terrain, for example:

TerraTools by TerraSim
TerraVista by Presagis
Re-lion Builder

If you would like to output VBS2 terrain from your own application then investigate the VBS2 Content SDK, which is part of the VBSDN product.

3D Model Development

The Development Suite includes Oxygen 2, a powerful 3D model generation and import tool. Oxygen 2 allows you to create or import models, apply textures and define specific features such as turrets, crew positions, instrument panels and animated parts. Oxygen 2 includes a 3D viewer that provides a real-time render of the model with full textures and materials using the core VBS2 graphics engine.

The following file types are supported by Oxygen 2:

FBX
OpenFlight

We offer a Model Import Course to teach developers how to use Oxygen 2 and user documentation is available in the Resources section.

If you would like to output VBS2 3D models from your own application then investigate the VBS2 Content SDK, which is part of the VBSDN product.

VBS2 has application beyond the desktop training domain, and has been integrated with a range of virtual simulation solutions from gunnery trainers through to flight simulators. To facilitate further integration VBS2 supports multi-channel, which is a key technology enabler for image generation software.

Multi-channel allows VBS2 to be used on very wide-field of view displays, for example across multiple screens or in dome projection systems. In such displays, the view of the virtual environment is projected via multiple channels, and synchronized so that the user views one continuous image.

The multi-channel implementation in VBS2 is very flexible. Each channel is rendered by a single VBS2 instance (view client), coordinated by view server so that all of the individual displays are synchronized. The view clients and view server(s) can be networked with a traditional VBS2 classroom, providing limitless training possibilities. Each VBS2 instance from VBS2 v1.50 includes view client and server functionality so no additional software is needed; the additional features just need to be enabled on the required number of VBS2 HASP dongles.

For training, multi-channel allows you to use VBS2 on immersive wide-screen or dome displays, which for some training applications like forward air controller training is very important.

For simulation, multi-channel enables VBS2 to be employed on 360 degree projection systems, for example HMMWV gunnery trainers.

Please note: to correctly configure VBS2 for use on dome displays or curved screens you will need to purchase geometric correction (warping) and edge blending software, such as Sol7 by Immersaview.

Use Cases

Display VBS2 in 360 degrees around a gunnery simulator
Use VBS2 in 360 degree projection domes for forward air controller training
Provide an immersive 180 degree view around a pilot in a simulated cockpit
Employ VBS2 as the virtual environment for an out-of-the-hatch view in armoured vehicle crew procedural trainers

Features

No hard-coded limit on the number of view clients allowed
Compatible with normal VBS2 networks, integrate your dome displays with your classroom
Supports multiple view servers on the one network
Use the normal VBS2 editing tools (mission editors, development tools) to create scenarios and content for multi-channel display
Easy to configure view clients and view server through simple configuration files
Fully HLA/DIS compliant through the LVC Game gateway

Commercial entities interested in employing VBS2 multi-channel capability should purchase VBSDN, which includes a number of multi-channel licenses at no extra cost.

Other users can purchase VBS2 view client capability on a per-seat basis via the Armory.

VBS2 v2.0 is VBS2 v1.x ported to the Real Virtuality 3 game engine, which is the game engine behind the ArmA2 and ArmA2: Operation Arrowhead computer games. From a user interface perspective it is exactly the same as VBS2 v1.x, however there are many key improvements both as a result of the newer game engine as well as new items funded by military customers.

VBS2 v2.0 delivers all of the capability of VBS2 v1.x, plus a wide range of exciting new features that will allow you to leverage game technology in training and simulation like never before.

VBS2 v2.0 is being released to the US Army and USMC in Spring 2012 and wider release is expected in Summer 2012.

For training, VBS2 v2.0 offers larger terrains, longer view distances, improved AI and underwater simulation, further expanding the training possibilities and providing larger, more complex simulated areas of operation.

For simulation, terrain improvements enable VBS2 v2.0 to be more suitable for use in flight simulators and rendering enhancements can be exploited for photo-realistic graphics where required.

For developers, VBS2 v2.0 offers the biggest enhancements for content developers who can create higher fidelity content exploiting technologies like normal and parallax mapping.

Key Improvements

Larger terrain areas

Paging terrain technology has been implemented so VBS2 v2.0 supports much larger terrain sizes, and the terrain level of detail calculations have been improved to allow for even longer view distances.

Multi-core support

The game engine architecture has been redesigned to exploit multi-core technology, resulting in many optimizations and a major increase in the number of AI entities that may be present in a scenario.

Improved AI path-planning

VBS2 v2.0 uses a much finer AI path-planning grid, allowing AI to navigate small spaces and act more smartly in general. AI enhancements made for our ArmA2 computer games have been ported to VBS2 v2.0, and micro-AI is included so AI will lean around corners and use handsignals.

Underwater simulation

VBS2 v2.0 supports underwater and scuba simulation. It is possible to exit the water from small boats and navigate underwater wearing scuba gear, and swim ashore.

Parachute simulation

A very detailed simulation of parachuting is included in VBS2 v2.0, including realistic movement while in freefall and under canopy.

Improved rendering engine

The VBS2 v2.0 rendering engine is a generation more advanced than the current, including a completely new lighting model, support for parallax mapping for ground textures, improved shadowing, and state-of-the-art shading for photo-realistic graphics.

Questions and Answers

What does VBS2 v2.0 provide in terms of graphics?

All VBS2 content has been ported from VBS2 v1.x to VBS2 v2.0, but model fidelity is unchanged. This means that while the models will be rendered with better shading and have nicer shadows, they will look pretty much the same. We are however including a range of ArmA2 content and these are “game” quality models with higher texture resolution and more polygons. We use these “game” quality models in VBS2 v2.0 videos and other marketing material.

What does VBS2 v2.0 provide in terms of AI?

VBS2 v2.0 includes micro-AI, which means that the AI path-planning grid is much smaller so the AI is smarter. The many AI enhancements made in the ArmA2 computer games will all be available in VBS2 v2.0.

Is VBS2 v2.0 backwards compatible?

Generally yes, VBS2 v2.0 is backwards compatible. You may however need to re-binarize content (terrains and 3D models) in order for it to work correctly, but this will be confirmed closer to the release date. If this is the case we will aim to provide a tool to make the process as simple as possible.

When will VBS2 v2.0 be released?

We plan to release VBS2 v2.0 to the US Army and USMC in Spring of 2012. As usual there will be months of acceptance testing and bug fixing and we won’t release the product more widely until the product is accepted by both of these organizations. Therefore a general release won’t occur until Summer 2012 at the earliest.

Who receives VBS2 v2.0 for free?

We’ll be providing VBS2 v2.0 as a free update to the Canadian Forces, US Army, USMC and USSOCOM as part of existing support arrangements. Other enterprise military users will be provided with long-term trial licenses and very affordable proposals for an upgrade.

Commercial users will be offered subscriptions to the VBS Developer Network (VBSDN), which includes free updates to future products including VBS2 v2.0, and also offers improved support as well as regular access to new builds.

Academic/research and personal edition users will be updated to VBS2 v2.0 at no cost.

Will BISimulations continue to develop VBS2 1.x?

Beyond VBS2 v1.60, we will conduct development in VBS2 v1.x only for customer funded projects. All other new development will be in the new VBS2 v2.0 baseline. We will support VBS2 v1.x for as long as funded support arrangements exist.

I am considering purchasing VBS2 v1.x, but should I wait till VBS2 2.0 comes out?

Military organizations should contact us to discuss purchasing a bundle of VBS2 v1.x licenses with a free update to VBS2 v2.0.

Commercial entities should consider purchasing VBSDN, as it guarantees an update to VBS2 v2.0 and will provide VBS2 v1.x plus many more advantages in the meantime.

I only want to purchase VBS2 v2.0, can I do that?

Military organizations should contact us to discuss the options so we can tailor a package to suit your specific needs. We’ll be providing a large number of long-term, trial VBS2 v2.0 licenses to military organizations so most will be able to access the new capability as soon as it is available.

Commercial entities can only access VBS2 v2.0 through a VBSDN subscription, which will include the VBS2 Developer Suite.

How does VBS2 v2.0 leverage middleware?

Out-of-the-box, VBS2 v2.0 will likely include SimulWeather for realistic 3D clouds, RotorLib FDM for theoretically correct direct flight simulation and LVC Game for DIS and HLA integration. The vast majority of entities in VBS2 v2.0 will use PhysX by NVIDIA for physics simulation. It is very likely that VBS2 v2.0 will include xaitMap path-planning by xaitment, which you can exploit in your scenarios for improved AI movement. VBS2Fires and VBS2Strike will, of course, be fully compatible with VBS2 v2.0.

Bohemia Interactive is willing to integrate additional middleware as demanded by the military requirement. Our API, VBS2Fusion, is now very mature and we are prepared to extend it further as needed to support other forms of middleware.

What are the system requirements for VBS2 v2.0?

VBS2 v2.0 will only be available on the Windows platform. The exact system requirements will be published on our website as soon as they are confirmed. Our goal is for VBS2 v2.0 to run on the widest possible range of computers.

When can we expect VBS3?

Development on VBS3 is ongoing but no details are available at this stage. We are not in any hurry to release the new product. Our primary focus is VBS2, and working with our customers to ensure it is the most capable game-based training and mission rehearsal tool it can possibly be. We encourage the military to focus on what is important in games-for-training, and not get distracted by photo-realistic graphics or other game niceties that are great marketing strategies for games for entertainment but add little to the training value of a serious game.

VBS2 v1.50 is a 32 bit application that runs on Windows (Windows XP, Vista or Windows 7) and employs DirectX 9.0. VBS2 is compatible with 64-bit versions of Windows and can be deployed on those systems, however it does not utilize extended 64-bit addressing.

VBS2 is not avaialble on other platforms, however VBSWorlds can be used to create new training games for deployment on a range of different devices.

No specific provision or optimization is provided for multiple-GPU accelerated rendering (eg SLI, Crossfire). Any performance or quality differences are entirely controlled by the video card devices and drivers. Support for the PhysX library from Nvidia has been deployed within VBS2 from v1.50. Hardware acceleration is not required at this time. It is anticipated however that hardware acceleration of the PhysX routines will only be available on Nvidia platform video cards.

VBS2 will only utilize a single CPU core. However, other concurrent applications may impact system performance so that dual or quad core CPU's may be advisable for optimal performance.

For training and development, VBS2 is designed to run on the widest possible range of desktop computer systems, readily available from many distributors. Most desktop systems sold in the last 3 years will run VBS2, provided a reasonable graphics card is included.

For simulation, VBS2 may require more specialist setup depending on the desired field of view and frame rate.

Minimal PC Requirements

CPU: Dual Core Intel Pentium 4 3.0 GHz / Intel Core 2.0 GHz / AMD Athlon 3200+ or faster
RAM: 1 GB
Video Card: NVIDIA GeForce 7800 / ATI Radeon 1800 with Shader Model 3 and 256 MB VRAM or faster
OS: Windows XP, Vista or Windows 7
Hard disk space: 20GB

Optimal PC Requirements

CPU: Intel Core 2.8 GHz / AMD Athlon 64 X2 4400+ or faster
RAM: 2 GB
Video Card: NVIDIA GeForce 8800GT / ATI Radeon 4850 with Shader Model 3 and 512 MB VRAM or faster
OS: Windows XP, Vista or Windows 7
Hard disk space: 20GB

Papers

For more information about VBS2 see the following papers. New editions will be published in early 2012.

Documentation

In support of Games For Training

Handouts

Media

VBS2 technology overview video

VBS2 v1.40 enhancements video

VBS2 v1.50 enhancements video